See cleofan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cleave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cleave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cleven"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kliovan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kliovan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clieven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klioban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klioban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kljúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kljúfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glūbō",
"3": "",
"4": "strip the bark off a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глубо́кий",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Saxon kliovan, Middle Dutch clieven (Dutch klieven), Old High German klioban, Old Norse kljúfa. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”), Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”), Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clēofan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "II",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofan",
"links": [
[
"clēofan",
"cleofan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofenne",
"links": [
[
"clēofenne",
"cleofenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"links": [
[
"clēofe",
"cleofe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"links": [
[
"clēaf",
"cleaf#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefst",
"links": [
[
"clīefst",
"cliefst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefþ",
"links": [
[
"clīefþ",
"cliefþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"links": [
[
"clēaf",
"cleaf#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"links": [
[
"clēofaþ",
"cleofaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"links": [
[
"clēofe",
"cleofe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofen",
"links": [
[
"clēofen",
"cleofen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēof",
"links": [
[
"clēof",
"cleof#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"links": [
[
"clēofaþ",
"cleofaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofende",
"links": [
[
"clēofende",
"cleofende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan"
},
"expansion": "clēofan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 12 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"text": "Bordweall clufon aforan Eadweardes.",
"translation": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cleave, split"
],
"id": "en-cleofan-ang-verb--zsu5hku",
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "āclēofan"
},
{
"word": "cleofa"
},
{
"word": "ġeclyft"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜oː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜oː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "cleofan"
},
"expansion": "cleofan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 12 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleofa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cleofa:",
"accusative/genitive/dative singular"
],
"id": "en-cleofan-ang-noun-YXojhfGc",
"links": [
[
"cleofa",
"cleofa#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 37 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 12 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 28 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleofa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cleofa:",
"nominative/accusative plural"
],
"id": "en-cleofan-ang-noun-oeUjG4x5",
"links": [
[
"cleofa",
"cleofa#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜o.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜o.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cleave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cleave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cleven"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kliovan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kliovan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clieven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klioban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klioban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kljúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kljúfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glūbō",
"3": "",
"4": "strip the bark off a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глубо́кий",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Saxon kliovan, Middle Dutch clieven (Dutch klieven), Old High German klioban, Old Norse kljúfa. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”), Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”), Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clēofan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "II",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofan",
"links": [
[
"clēofan",
"cleofan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofenne",
"links": [
[
"clēofenne",
"cleofenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"links": [
[
"clēofe",
"cleofe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"links": [
[
"clēaf",
"cleaf#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefst",
"links": [
[
"clīefst",
"cliefst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefþ",
"links": [
[
"clīefþ",
"cliefþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"links": [
[
"clēaf",
"cleaf#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"links": [
[
"clēofaþ",
"cleofaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"links": [
[
"clēofe",
"cleofe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofen",
"links": [
[
"clēofen",
"cleofen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēof",
"links": [
[
"clēof",
"cleof#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"links": [
[
"clēofaþ",
"cleofaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofende",
"links": [
[
"clēofende",
"cleofende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan"
},
"expansion": "clēofan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "āclēofan"
},
{
"word": "cleofa"
},
{
"word": "ġeclyft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"text": "Bordweall clufon aforan Eadweardes.",
"translation": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cleave, split"
],
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜oː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜oː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "cleofan"
},
"expansion": "cleofan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleofa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cleofa:",
"accusative/genitive/dative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"cleofa",
"cleofa#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleofa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of cleofa:",
"nominative/accusative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"cleofa",
"cleofa#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜o.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜o.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cleofan meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.